must と have toの違い：使い分けのポイント
今日のレッスンはmustとhave toの使い分けだよ。
どちらも「○○しないといけません」て意味だよね？
どんな違いがあるのかな？
There are times when we would like to talk about the rules and responsibilities we have at school, at work, or at home.
We have special terms we can use to discuss those rules and responsibilities. Some of those terms indicate that we have a choice in how we follow certain rules and other terms show that we do not have a choice.
ルールや決まり事の時によく使われる言葉で,
他の選択肢があるのか、選択の余地がないって時に使われる言葉みたいだね。
You may already know the terms I am talking about – “have to”, “need to”, and “must”.
These are the most common terms we use to talk about rules and responsibilities.
And these are the terms that indicate that we do not have a choice about how we follow the rules or how we take care of our responsibilities.
What’s the difference between them you ask?
Let’s look at those differences now!
ルールに従うこと。そして責任をどう取るか・・・
まだよく分からないな。続をよんでみよう。
“Must” is the easiest to understand as it is the strongest of the three.
We use “must” to show that a rule or responsibility is absolute; the rule has no exceptions. Bad things will happen if the rule is not followed exactly. For example:
You must have a driver’s license to drive a car.
You must not murder anyone.
If you drive without a license, you will have to pay a big fine or possibly go to jail.
If you commit murder, you will go to jail and possibly never get out.
mustは一番強い強制の言葉で、絶対的な意味がでてくるんだね。言い訳を言う余地がないよ！
“Have to” and “need to” are generally considered to be same – with some people believing “need to” is slightly stronger than “have to”.
These two phrases show that bad things might happen if you break the rule. For example:
Students have to finish their assignments on time.
You need to clean your room before you can go out with your friends.
If a student is late with their assignment, they might lose points.
If your room isn’t clean and you go out anyway, your parents might ground you.
have toとneed toは同じように使える言葉で、
もしルールを守らなければ悪いことが起きるかもしれませんよ、ということを暗示しているんだね。
Please note that the negative form of both “have to” and “need to” is “can’t (cannot)” and not “don’t have to” or “don’t need to”.
For example:
You can’t wear short pants to work.
And:
You don’t have/need to wear a tie in the summer.
Are very different sentences.
The red sentence means that short pants are not allowed in the workplace while the green sentence means that wearing a tie in summer is that person’s choice; if they wear a tie, no problem. If they choose not to wear a tie, no problem.
ここは大事なポイント！have to と need to の否定形は can’t !!!
don’t have to や don’t need to にしてしまうと意味が変わってくるよ！
Yes, that’s right – “don’t have to” and “don’t need to” show that the rule or responsibility is not absolute and that you have a choice about how you handle that rule or responsibility. “Can” is also used in this way occasionally.
赤い文のcan’tは義務を表していて、「着てはいけません」
緑の文のdon’t have to は任意で義務ではない、選択の余地があるってことだね！
みんなやマリーちゃんは must, have to, need to の使い方は分かったかな？
実際に口に出して練習してみたり、いろんな場面を想像して英会話の練習をしてみてね。
英会話は黙読してたらダメだよ。声に出してね。
FELINER SALONではいろんな質問も聞けるし練習もできるのでみんなの参加をまってるよ！
※全訳は翻訳アプリなどで読んでみてね！